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Canadian Bank Routing, Transit, Branch, Account and Institution Numbers Explained

September 15, 2022 by James Todorov 1 Comment

Although managing your finances may be an everyday part of life, there is a lot of important information that is commonly unknown. Information about your account and bank can be required in multiple situations. If you want to setup a direct deposit you’ll be asked to present your account number and your routing number. These numbers will also be required if you want to move money into a Canadian account. These two examples are common banking actions, yet understanding of what terms like routing and account numbers are is limited. We are here to help you understand the meaning of transit, branch, account, routing, and institution numbers so that you can bank more confidently in the future.

Routing Numbers

Routing numbers are made up of two parts. They are usually 8 digits long and are made up of an institution number and a transit number. Their format on paper is XXXXX-YYY. The X’s correspond to the transit number and the Y’s are the institution number. If the transaction is online then the format flips and a leading zero is tagged to the front, resulting in a 0YYYXXXXX format.

Institution Numbers

To put it simply, institution numbers are unique three digit codes which correlate to a given financial institution. They are used to identify various banks and are the most general of the numbers we’ll be covering. The institution number also makes up one part of the routing number. The institution numbers of some of the biggest Canadian banks are listed below.

Bank Institution Number
BMO 001
Scotiabank 002
RBC 003
TD 004
National Bank of Canada 006
CIBC 010

Branch or Transit Numbers

It is easy to get confused with this number as some call it a transit number and others a branch number. All you need to know is that they mean the same thing. It is a five digit code which says which branch of the bank the account in question was formed at. Every branch has its own unique transit number and the branch you create your account at is also known as your home branch. The transit number makes up the other part of the routing number.

Account Numbers

An account number is usually a seven digit code which follows the routing number on cheques. BMO, RBC, TD, CIBC, and the National Bank of Canada all have seven digit account numbers. Scotiabank is one case where it is possible to have a number that is either 7 or 12 digits long. Unlike institution numbers and transit numbers, your account number is completely unique to you.

Where to Find Your Numbers

If you are in need of any of your personal numbers, there a few ways to find them. One way is to login to your online banking. From your bank’s website or app you can check your personal details and find out exactly what you need. You can also see your details such as routing number and account number on any paper statements that your bank sends you through the mail. Lastly, if you have a chequebook at home, look at any cheque and you’ll find all the numbers printed at the bottom of it. One thing to note is that on a physical cheque there will also be another number on the bottom. This one simply marks the individual number of the cheque you are handling within the chequebook.

Filed Under: Finance, Loans, Money Tagged With: account number, bank account, cash, cheque, chequebook, institution number, loans, money, routing number, transit number

Best High Interest Savings Accounts in Canada

August 4, 2022 by James Todorov Leave a Comment

All of us have long term financial goals. Everybody has something a little more expensive they’ve had their eye on and want to save up for. Sometimes you may just want to grow money that you have but aren’t spending. A high interest savings account is one of the best ways to do this. High interest savings accounts are risk and hands free, all while earning you interest on your money to help you do whatever you can dream.

With the current worldwide economic situation improving as we near the end of the global pandemic, interest rates are rising at many Canadian banks. This means that it is a great time to put your money somewhere where it can appreciate. There are things you have to watch out for though. Many banks’ marketing strategies involve a tactic which temporarily boosts the interest rate of a given HISA (High Interest Savings Account) to make it more desirable. After the first few months the rate decreases to the usual and comparatively miniscule interest percentage. As long as you know that the normal interest rate is still good, you won’t be unpleasantly surprised.

You may be asking yourself why people have regular savings accounts if the high interest counterparts earn more interest. High interest accounts oftentimes have some drawbacks or conditions when compared to normal savings accounts. These can include a limited amount of monthly withdrawals or a minimum account balance.

TD High Interest Savings Accounts

TD has two accounts that fall under high interest. The first offers an interest rate of 0.05% as long as your balance is over $5000. The second account is called the ePremium savings account. It offers 0. 5% but your balance has to be double at $10,000. If you have the ability to maintain such a balance, this account could work for you. The account offers unlimited free online transfers to other TD accounts. Although transaction fees are high with the regular high savings account, if you plan on keeping the money there and not spending it too much, it can work just fine.

RBC High Interest eSavings Account

RBC’s eSavings account offers an interest rate of 0.5%. This is the same as TD’s ePremium account. Both accounts have no monthly fees but RBC has the big advantage of not requiring a minimum account balance. Transfers to other RBC accounts are free and you even get one ATM withdrawal per month, free of charge. If you sign up by August 31 2022 you can get a promotional interest rate of 3.0% for the first three months.

BMO High Interest Savings Accounts

BMO has a fairly simple account called the BMO smart saver account which has similar features to TD’s simpler account. It has the same interest rate of 0.05% and no monthly fees but it beats out TD as it does not present a minimum balance. There is a higher interest option available: The BMO savings builder account has an interesting mechanic. Although it offers a going interest rate of 0.1%, you can earn the bonus rate of 0.6% as long as you invest $200 into the account every month. There is no minimum account balance and as with most accounts mentioned in this article you have one free outgoing transfer per month, every other one costing you $5.

Scotiabank Momentum Plus Savings Account

The Scotiabank savings account is a special type of account. It is a tiered-interest account, which simply means that depending on how long you hold money in the account for you will earn more interest. The tiers start with a 0.35% interest rate. If you leave the money in the account untouched for 90 days then the rate jumps to 0.85%. For 180 days you get 0.9%, for 270 days you get 0.95%. If you wait a full 360 days, you get an even 1%. There is one important thing to note. This offer of increasing interest rates is up to one year and after that period you will only earn a base 0.85%. The account has no monthly fees but it also has no free transactions. Every single one will cost you $5. However, if you are signing up for this account you are likely looking to let the money build unspent so that you can accumulate interest rate during the one year period.

CIBC eAdvantage Savings Account

The CIBC savings account has an interest rate of 0.35% and no minimum balance. It also has a similar gimmick to BMO’s savings builder account. If you deposit $200 every month you get an additional 0.25% of interest. Once again there are no monthly fees. Like with Scotiabank every transaction you make will cost you $5 dollars.

Tangerine High Interest Savings Account

Tangerine’s savings account has a fairly competitive interest rate of 0.1%. This comes at the cost of no monthly fees too. Until October 13th 2022 new clients can get a promotional interest rate of 3.25% for the first five months. As usual moving money to and from other Tangerine accounts is free of charge. All this makes the Tangerine savings account a good option. However, although they are an online bank, they do not offer interest rates that are as high as their other exclusively digital competitors.

Neo Money Account

Almost all the banks listed above are established big banks in Canada. They offer fairly similar and low interest rates on their Canadian high interest savings accounts. If you are looking for something with higher interest rates, digital finance is your answer. Companies like Neo offer comparatively astronomical interest rates on their savings accounts. The Neo money account has an interest rate of 1.8%. It also has no minimum balance and entirely free transactions. This account is flexible and has attributes of both a chequing and a savings account. If you are in Canada and looking for a no fee account with a great interest rate Neo might be worth your time.Neo Money Account Apply Now

The Verdict

There is no one account that is superior to all the others. Every single one has its own advantages and drawbacks. Tiered accounts like Scotiabank’s momentum plus are fantastic for the first year where interest rate grows and even after that, their rate of 0.85% is quite competitive. If the only thing you are looking for is a high interest, then Neo could be your answer. There are other factors too of course, such as transaction costs. Most typical high interest savings accounts will allow for one free transaction per month, charging after that. Once again, Neo presents an advantage in this category, as they have completely free transactions. However, you may already be a client of another bank. This may make it more convenient to setup a high interest savings account with the same bank to allow for free transactions to and from your accounts.

Filed Under: Finance, Money Tagged With: canadian banks, high interest savings account, HISA, interest, money, savings account

Pros and Cons of Debit Cards

July 14, 2022 by James Todorov 3 Comments

Understanding more about debit cards can help you make better decisions to do with your finances. Debit cards have many upsides to them which make them useful in a wide variety of situations. Not everybody knows the right way to use them though. They are great for anybody and are accepted near everywhere making them convenient. However, according to worldwide data debit and credit cards are used at a near equivalent rate. This shows that credit cards must have some advantages over debit cards. In this article we will breakdown all the benefits and drawbacks of debit cards to help you be informed and decide when to use them.

The pros of a debit card

Debit cards are very convenient. Being declined very rarely, they are great worldwide and can be used to withdraw money from widely available ATMs. Withdrawing cash with debit cards means that the money is immediately removed from your account. Because of this fact, you do not end up garnering a balance that you have to pay off. This balance comes with owning a credit card, and you could end up having to pay interest upon it, a problem that debit cards come without. Debit cards are interest-free.

Another advantage of debit cards over their credit counterparts is that in most cases they do not carry any annual fees. This factor is key for it makes them easier to afford. You won’t have to pay or use your debit card to keep it activated. You can make as few or as many purchases without worrying the card’s functionality. Accounts associated with debit cards like chequing accounts do sometimes charge monthly and/or annual fees.

With credit cards, it is quite easy to overspend in the short-term. This is not an issue with debit cards because the money you spend gets withdrawn instantaneously from your account. Your limit is capped at whatever you have stored in your account, though keeping track of your accounts status should be enough to make you weary of purchasing large items you might want. With credit cards you can keep buying and overspending without keeping tabs, which can have grave consequences when the time to pay the stack of bills comes around. Debit cards are also comparatively painless to acquire. Credit card application typically involves a hard credit check to understand more about your history and whether you are eligible. They also require a certain credit score but with debit cards all you need is a chequing or savings account to attach to the card and you’re all set to bank away.

The cons of a debit card

Though they have their upsides, debit cards come with a set of attributes that aren’t all that great. One of their biggest downsides is that in some circumstances they simply aren’t as safe as credit cards. Fraud protection with debit cards can be somewhat insignificant. The Federal Trade Commission dictates that if you notify your bank within two days of it being stolen, you are liable for up to $50 in charges that are fraudulent. If you miss that window of two days you can be held responsible for up to $500. In the worst case scenario where you only let your bank know after 60 days, you could end up paying all of the fraudulent charges. Banks simply cannot ensure total safety, especially with online retailers. Knowing this, it is suggested to use other payment methods when making purchases online. This can help you stay safer from cyber fraud which is rampant in today’s internet, even if you have antivirus software and a secure network.

Wherever and however you choose to spend your money, know that with debit cards your limit is equal to the funds in your chequing account. That means debit cards are better suited to more manageable purchases as opposed to expensive impulse items whose purchasing depends on whether you have the available funds in your chequing account. It is still an option to exceed your chequing account balance. If you do go over you will be charged overdraft fees. You can stop authorizing your bank to charge you these fees but you may end up having your debit card decline when going over your chequing funds.

Despite their similarities, one of the biggest differences between debit and credit cards is also one of the biggest disadvantages of debit cards. It is credit score and how debit cards have no effect on it. With a credit card you can build your credit score by making all your statement payments in full and on time. Debit cards cannot help you achieve this. Of course, credit cards also put you in danger because if you leave your card unpaid or pay late, you can accrue overwhelming debt and you will end up with bad credit. If you owe a lot on your credit cards with high interest, you can roll it over into your mortgage, by borrowing on your home equity line of credit. This will help you repay your credit card loans faster and in a less costly manner. Credit cards also often have strong rewards programs and perks that allow you to automatically accumulate points from use, or give you cashback. Debit cards don’t have programs like these. There are occasions where banks have their own specific rewards for debit cards but it is rarer.

Knowing all this information, you still might not be completely sure when and how to properly use a debit card. Essentially, debit cards are best to use for anything small and routine. This could be a fair list, including things like groceries or monthly entertainment service fees. This is because all the money is directly withdrawn from your chequing account, so you can monitor it easily, making sure you don’t run out. Overtime, this practice will lead to great established spending habits, making you more confident and comfortable with your money. Avoid the purchases carrying more hefty amounts as they are better suited to credit cards. The downsides are not too many, but you should be aware of them. Problems with fraud and the inability to improve credit score are two of the biggest issues.

Filed Under: Credit Cards, Debt, Money Tagged With: credit, credit card, credit score, debit card, debt, money, money management

Inflation in Canada

January 11, 2022 by Ben 6 Comments

Inflation rates are record high around the world, and Canada is no exception, with an 18-year high of 4.7 percent in November. Prices rose across sectors, ranging from bakery, dairy, and meat to furniture, household products, energy, and transportation.  A combination of factors is driving inflation, the main being money printing, high oil prices, product shortages, supply chain disruptions, and pent-up consumer demand.

Reasons for Record High Inflation

Whether high inflation rates are driven by global supply chain issues or money printing is a hotly debated issue at the moment. In the view of some academics and finance experts at the Bank of Canada, it is supply chain disruptions that cause inflationary pressures and drive food and energy prices up. According to a second group of academics, monetary printing creates an overabundance of demand while supply would not always catch up. The result is inflation whereby prices rise and purchasing power declines.

If we take the monetarists’ argument, inflation is not a temporary phenomenon and requires a tight fiscal policy and interest rate hikes. Such policies would involve tax increases, spending cuts, unemployment, and recession. Recession is generally a period of economic decline marked by substantially lower levels of industrial and economic activity. Businesses see less demand and are forced to lay off workers to cut costs, generating unemployment and insecurity.

As prices rise, inflation also eats away at our money and savings. Inflationary pressures not only result in an overall decline of purchasing power but affect the performance of companies and interest rates on savings accounts. When inflation is high, central banks would typically raise interest rates to discourage consumers from borrowing and buying and keep the cost of goods and services stable. The Bank of Canada recently signaled that interest rate hikes cannot be ruled out as a way to keep inflation under control. The current situation, however, is high inflation and low interest rates on savings whereby the value of your money declines. Fortunately, there are plenty of things to do to protect your savings, like investing in real estate, precious metals, commodities, crypto, and defensive stocks.

Investing in Real Estate

As the value of real estate rises with inflation, rental income can be a potential hedge, especially when it comes to short-term leases such as multi-family properties. Investors who are able to keep their mortgage terms the same and adjust their rent up benefit from inflation. Investing in real estate also provides recurring income that either exceeds or keeps pace with inflation.

Precious Metals

Precious metals such as platinum, silver, and gold are known to be a hedge against inflation as well as a portfolio diversifier. Each precious metal, whether palladium or gold, has its own unique specifics, benefits, and risks. Gold, for example, is less affected by demand and supply, making it easy to sell and buy. An added advantage is the fact that there are different investment options to choose from, including numismatic coins, bars, and proof and bullion gold coins. The downside is that it doesn’t produce passive income the way real estate does.

Commodities

When inflation is high, commodity prices also rise and offer a good return potential. Unlike financial assets such as bonds and stocks, commodities are one of the few investment classes that actually benefit from inflationary pressures. The rationale is that rising demand for services and products results in price increases and hence, the value of the commodities that go into producing goods and services also increases.

Bonds and stocks, on the other hand, tend to perform better when the inflation rate is either slowing or stable. When inflation picks up, it reduces the interest rate that bonds pay while high-dividend and income-oriented stock prices fall. This is why returns from commodity indexes like the S&P Goldman Sachs Commodity Index, Credit Suisse Commodities Benchmark, and Bloomberg Commodity Index are independent of bond and stock returns.

Defensive Stocks

Defensive stocks offer stable earnings and dividends regardless of market conditions and typically outperform other investments in periods of economic decline such as recession or stock market crash. The reason is that they belong to sectors of the economy where there are only minor changes in demand. Such sectors are, for example, healthcare, utilities, and food and beverages. The consumer defensive sector includes businesses engaged in the production of packaging, personal and household products, food and beverages, and tobacco. The sector also includes companies offering services such as training and education. Organizations providing healthcare services fall in this category, including medical supplies and equipment, long-term care facilities, hospitals, home health care, research services, and pharmaceuticals. Examples are also life science development and biotech, vaccine developers, and medical device manufacturers. A third sector is utilities, comprising independent power producers and water, gas, and electric utilities and a fourth – communication services such as media and advertising, 5G network, and telephone and broadband.

Crypto Currencies

Investing in crypto currencies can be a viable alternative to stocks and bonds, with a return of over 6 percent. Proponents point to the fact that bitcoin is not tied to a particular economy, fiscal policy or currency and cannot be devalued by a central bank or government printing money. Not only is bitcoin a digital currency but it has a limited supply and is secure, interchangeable, and durable. Finance experts, however, warn that crypto is a highly volatile asset and one tied to speculative trading. Also, cryptocurrencies have been around for a relatively short period to establish whether they can really act as a hedge against inflation.

Gold, on the other hand, has held its value for centuries. Academics at Duke University also note that bitcoin is vulnerable to crashes and manias over relatively short periods, which makes it a risky asset. Its value is tied to two factors – speculative trading and supply. All in all, bitcoin may have a limited value in developed postindustrial countries with stable fiat currencies. Crypto currencies may have a more practical use in countries prone to political instability and turmoil and hyperinflation.

Summing Up

Inflation is currently higher than normal in Canada, primary drivers being money printing, pent-up demand, and supply chain bottlenecks. Droughts affecting agricultural produce across the country are only making things worse.

Global supply chain disruptions are likely to continue in 2022, mainly due to China’s Covid-19 zero policy, resulting in delayed ships and overwhelmed ports. Inflation rates of 4 – 5 percent could also be with us until 2024. While these changes are temporary, a shift in Canada’s monetary policy may not have the desired effect. Hiking interest rates would result in economic slowdown at a time when governments around the world are withdrawing emergency support and fiscal stimulus.

What Canadians can do to protect their savings is invest in precious metals, real estate, defensive stocks, or commodities, all of which acting as a hedge against inflation. Other assets that offer protection against inflation are leveraged loans, real estate investment trusts, and mortgage-backed securities and corporate bonds.

Filed Under: Debt, Finance, Investment, Loans, Money Tagged With: bills, bitcoin, canada, commodities, crypto, debt, gold, inflation, loans, money, real estate, stocks

Canadian Guide to Protecting Your Wealth from Inflation

October 19, 2021 by Ben 2 Comments

Inflation is on the rise in Canada and rose to 3.7 percent in July, 2021. This is the biggest jump since May, 2011 and is mainly due to more sectors of the economy reopening and consumers having where to spend their money. While pay rates are set to trail inflation, salary increase budgets are unlikely to catch up with inflationary pressures in 2021. Plus, it is not guaranteed that salaries will go up across all sectors of the economy. Inflation is robust but fortunately, there are ways to protect your wealth and fight the effects of inflation. From buying real estate and investing in stocks to alternative investments and portfolio diversification, there are time-tested strategies to protect your money.

1. Buying Real Estate

Investing in real estate may sound counterintuitive given that the average selling price is $688,000. Prices rose by 38 percent in 2020 alone. In most cases, Canadians looking to buy a home need to apply for a loan. As it turns out, however, the cost of borrowing decreases when wages increase and prices are on the rise. Average home prices are also rising faster than the consumer price index which makes investing in real estate a good hedge against inflation.

Additionally according to the Canadian Real Estate Association, home prices tend to be skewed by listings in expensive metropolitan markets such as Vancouver and Toronto. CREA tracks the house pricing index which gives a more accurate picture in terms of the types and number of properties sold.

2. Investing in Stocks and Bonds

There are investments that actually benefit from inflation, such being energy and retailers stocks. Energy companies profit when inflationary pressures are driven by oil price increases. Retailers also hike prices and considering the pandemic e-commerce boom, investing in e-commerce stocks can be a good idea.

Some equities both benefit and contribute to inflationary pressures, for example, metals, grain, lumber, and crude oil. It makes sense to buy shares in commodity companies either through mutual funds and exchange-traded funds or directly.

Investing in government bonds is yet another way to protect your money from inflation. What portion to dedicate to fixed income depends on how soon you will need cash and your risk tolerance. As a rule, government bonds offer income and security but the shorter the maturity, the lower the yield. That is because investors face less risk of interest rate increases. Bonds with longer maturity are more sensitive to interest rate fluctuations. The choice of shorter maturity depends on factors such as income requirements, nearing retirement, and the need to diversify investments.

3. Alternative Investments

The price of alternative investments such as silver, gold, and cryptocurrencies is also rising in the long run. As they are risky, dedicating a small portion to alternative investments only makes sense. At the same time, they are thought to not only retain their purchasing power but to outperform when inflationary pressures arise.

Also, there is a wide array of investment options to look into, besides bonds and stocks, each with its proposition, value, and risk factor. The range of solutions includes derivative contracts, commodities, antiques and art, managed futures, hedge funds, venture capital, and private equity.

The category of alternative assets is vast, indeed, but there are some factors to consider when building a portfolio. First, investors can choose to own assets such as farmland, commodities, precious metals, and real estate indirectly or directly. They can either buy physical assets or shares like, for example, invest in shares of gold or gold bars. The same is true for other assets such as real estate or farmland. When buying shares, the asset is tied to physical property, thus giving investors a choice between financial and physical assets.

Some alternative investments are classified as risky, such being the case with farmland. The value of farmland has steadily risen on an annual basis over the last three decades. There are no signs of slowing down in the short term, given the demand for commodities and agricultural products. In fact, farms will need to significantly increase production to meet growing demand as global population growth continues.

An alternative solution is to invest in inflation-linked bonds which are pegged to the consumer price index. In this case, the interest and principal rise and are adjusted for inflation. There are many benefits to investing in inflation-linked bonds such as less risk and volatility and higher returns compared to conventional bonds. A word of caution should be mentioned here, however. When deflation occurs, the bond principal will fall below par value, with interest due on the inflation-adjusted principal. Investors are likely to incur capital losses if deflationary pressures persist. The longer the maturity, the more vulnerable bonds become to interest rate fluctuations.

4. Portfolio Diversification

Building a diversified portfolio is an excellent hedge against inflation. The types of assets that can protect an investment portfolio against inflationary pressures include US stocks and REITs, treasuries, TIPS, commodities, emerging stocks, gold, European and Pacific stocks, and international REITs. Real estate investment trusts, for example, buy a diverse range of real estate that is rented out and produces solid returns. There is also an option to invest in international and US REITs and many have done so since the 2008 US market crush. The fact is that REITs invest in both commercial and residential real estate and are more diversified than conventional real estate portfolios. This means that they are more stable and less risky in case of rising inflation and economic shocks.

5. Consider a Fixed-Rate Mortgage Loan

There are currently variable-rate mortgages offered at about or even less than 1 percent. Getting a variable-rate mortgage sounds tempting as it looks like borrowing for nothing but it comes with a hitch. The fact is that a significant increase in mortgage rates could translate in hundreds and even thousands of dollars in interest over the loan term.

In comparison, five-year fixed-rate mortgages are currently available at about two percent. Regardless of inflationary pressures and rate fluctuations, borrowers pay two percent over the course of the mortgage. Locking in a variable-rate loan is a good idea when inflation is rising.

Investing in stocks, alternative assets, and real estate is worth considering given that high inflation could last for years. According to chief economist with Bank of Montreal Douglas Porter, inflation rates could remain at 3 – 5 percent for a year or even two. The outlook for the U.S. is similar, with prices and inflation rising until 2023. In fact, inflation south of the border is higher than in Canada, reaching 5.4 percent in June. Canada, however, is behind the U.S. on the path to economic recovery which is a red flag when it comes to recessionary pressures. Investing in physical and financial assets now can help mitigate the effect of expected rising inflation. With a variety of inflation-proof stocks such as energy and utilities and exchange traded funds, there are plenty of options to hedge against inflation.

Filed Under: Finance, Investment, Money, Mortgages Tagged With: cash, inflation, investing, money, real estate, stocks

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