Smart Borrowing

How to Prosper Financially

Is a Reverse Mortgage a Good Idea?

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A reverse mortgage is a type of a secured loan for which a guarantee is required, typically in the form of residential real estate. It is offered to senior borrowers aged 55 and older to allow them to receive cash income in exchange for their home equity. This option is only available to persons who have a considerable equity or own a residential property meaning that they paid off their mortgage in full. They are allowed to continue to live in their home and receive cash income based on the home equity conversion mortgage limit, their age, and current interest rates.

What Are the Pros of a Reverse Mortgage?

The main benefit for borrowers is the fact that they have regular income post-retirement. They also get non-taxable income and retain title to their property. As an added benefit, homeowners can choose from a variety of disbursement options, including as monthly payments, line of credit, specified amount, or in full. In general, this can be a good option for seniors who need extra income and have a more limited choice of borrowing options. Access to loan funding is an issue for retirees as they no longer receive salaried income. A reverse mortgage is also a good option for individuals who want to stay in their property post-retirement as it is close to their friends, family, or community members. The property may also be close to amenities, community centres, healthcare providers, convenience stores, and shopping malls.

What Are the Cons of a Reverse Mortgage?

A major downside is that borrowers are still responsible for paying homeowners’ association fees, maintenance, insurance, and property taxes. A related problem with reverse mortgages is that borrowers may have their property foreclosed if they are unable to pay homeowner’s insurance or property taxes. There are also fees and charges to consider, including appraisal fees, interest rates, and administrative and closing costs. The latter include home inspection costs, title insurance, and land transfer tax.

Another downside to consider is that interest rates tend to be higher compared to other loan options. The rate depends on provider and term, and similar to other loan products, the longer the term, the higher the interest rate. The administrative and closing costs are also a factor to consider as they can be around $2,000. When it comes to interest charges, they are higher than that of home equity lines of credit and standard mortgages but are lower than payday loans and cash advances, credit cards, private equity lending, personal loans, and unsecured lines of credit.

Finally, a third downside is that as interest charges accrue, home equity goes down which makes it more difficult to qualify for other loan options.

How Do You Qualify for a Reverse Mortgage?

To qualify, customers must have sufficient equity and prove that the home they live in is their primary residence. The amount that can be borrowed depends on factors such as interest rates, outstanding balances on existing mortgages, current property value, and age of the youngest owner. Financial institutions also look at things like type of property, condition, and the age of all persons who are registered on the title.

Should You Get a Reverse Mortgage?

A reverse mortgage can be a good solution if you need money to repay debts, cover healthcare expenses, pay regular bills like gas, electricity, and water, or home repairs or improvements. Another reason to borrow is to use the proceeds to buy a long-term care insurance policy. This is an option for seniors who are likely to end up in an assisted living facility for an extended period. At the same time, many seniors are currently choosing not to transition to a nursing home given the fact that over 80 percent of Covid-19 related deaths occurred in long-term care facilities. This has resulted in increased interest in reverse mortgages on the part of seniors looking to access funds and finance home improvements and renovations. A reverse mortgage helps borrowers to pay for at-home care. One problem is that while home prices have been relatively stable so far, significant price drops are to be expected due to the global pandemic and economic downturn. An extended period of stagnating prices may also have a negative impact on how much equity homeowners are left with. It is typically rising values that mitigate the effect of interest rates which is an unlikely scenario due to the coronavirus. For new borrowers, depressed home values mean that they will be offered less for what their property was worth. For example, for seniors who want to access 30 percent of their equity for a home worth $600,000, they will get $300,000. If the property lost 20 percent of its value, they will only be able to get $144,000.

Those who choose to apply will first have a phone meeting arranged to discuss different loan solutions that may work for their financial circumstances and situation. As a next step, appraisal will be scheduled to provide an estimate of the property’s fair market value. Appraisers are looking at details such as desirability, neighborhood, location, age, upgrades, maintenance, exterior and interior size, and condition. Once the appraisal has been completed, the bank confirms the amount of financing the borrower qualifies for. This is mainly based on factors such as condition, location, age, and whether the property is a freehold, condo, or townhouse. The next step is to decide on both interest rate options and amount to draw.

When looking into reverse mortgages, it also pays to shop around and consider other options such as moving into assisted living residence, buying a smaller apartment or home, or getting a credit card, line of credit or personal loan. Note that Canadians can borrow between 40 and 55 percent of their property’s value, depending on which provider they go for.

Can I Buy a House with Bad Credit?

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Borrowers with a good credit score, enough cash for a down payment and high incomes have access to a variety of loan products with attractive terms and rates. We are not in the same boat, however, and many are facing financial hardship, whether it is the global pandemic, prolonged illness, divorce, or job loss. Fortunately, there are ways to qualify for a mortgage loan even with poor or fair credit as well as alternatives to consider. Here is what you can do to access financing, the pros and cons to weigh in, and other options to look into.

Find Your Credit Score

This is the first step, and it will show you whether your score is as bad as you think. Scores range from 300 and 900 where 680+ is considered good, 600 to 679 is fair, and below 599 is poor. Request a credit report from TransUnion or Equifax to find out how you fare. If you don’t need a detailed report, you can also use an online tool to check your score. Once you’ve done this, you will know what loan products you are likely to qualify.

If you have bad credit, you may still qualify but the interest rate can be in the 10 – 18 percent range which is quite high. With a good score, you can expect to get a mortgage with an interest rate of around 2.5 percent. Note that banks offer lower rates compared to private lenders and trust companies.

What to Do to Get Mortgage Financing

To benefit from lower rates, it pays to try to improve your credit score, especially if you don’t feel any urgency to buy a property. The main things you can do are to pay your bills on time and keep credit card balances low. It is important to pay your bills in a timely manner, including gas, electricity, and water as well as any debt payments that you have. Your FICO score which is what most banks use comprises 5 elements – new inquiries (10 percent), payment history (35 percent), credit mix (10 percent), age of accounts (15 percent), and credit usage (30 percent). As you can easily see, your payment history is one of the most important factors. Not everything goes on your file, however, examples being:

  • Declined applications
  • Driving and parking fines
  • Savings accounts
  • Salary or wages
  • Soft searches
  • Criminal record

You also need to stay under your current credit limit to show finance providers that you are good at handling debt. It is important to keep balances low to reduce your credit utilization ratio. To calculate it, add all outstanding balances that you have and divide them by your total limit. As noted, credit usage makes for 30 percent of your FICO score, and you must try keep your utilization rate low. A good credit utilization rate is anything below 30 percent, showing financial institutions that you are a responsible spender.

You may also want to keep any old accounts that you have as they account for 15 percent of your score. If you close old card accounts, this will affect (shorten) your credit history so it is better to keep them even if you rarely or never use them.

Another way to improve your score is to apply for a secured card as long as your financial institution reports to the main bureaus. You will need to make a deposit which is usually equal to or higher than your credit limit and can vary from $200 to $3,000. This is a form of guarantee for your bank in case you default on your payments. While finance providers require a deposit, secured cards work pretty much like standard ones in that you can make in-store and online purchases, book flights and hotel stays, etc. Getting a secured card makes sense only if you make small purchases and pay the balance in full. This will help keep your credit utilization ratio low. If you make late payments, on the other hand, you can get stuck paying a lot in interest.

Finally, if you have high interest debts such as payday loans or credit cards, what you can do is transfer them to a personal line of credit. As they come with lower rates, you will save on interest charges. Moving high interest balances to a balance transfer credit card is also a way to take advantage of promotional rates which can be low or zero over a period of 6 to 12 months.

Pros and Cons of Buying a House with Bad Credit

It may come as a surprise but there are some advantages to buying a house with fair or bad credit, one being that it will help you build equity. If home prices are stagnated or depressed, you will not be able to build equity but will benefit from price drops. In fact according to the Canada’s housing agency home prices are expected to decline by 25 percent in oil-producing provinces and between 8 and 19 percent elsewhere.

There are downsides to buying a home as well, one being that you are likely to get a smaller loan than what you need. Financial institutions look at your debt-to-income ratio to determine the amount that you qualify for. If you have a lot of debt, then you will not get an offer worth accepting. Buying a house only makes sense if you have saved enough to make a sizable down payment. This not only shows banks that you are a responsible buyer but may help you to get a decent-sized property. Even so, make sure you will be able to pay essential expenses such as health and auto insurance coverage, outstanding debt, utilities, groceries, gas, child care, and property tax.

There are also alternatives to look into like borrowing from your insurance policy or retirement plan, seller financing, and getting a co-signer.

How is the COVID-19 Pandemic affecting Canadian Small Businesses?

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Canadian companies have been hard hit by the coronavirus crisis, with 81 percent of SMEs reporting being negatively affected, and over 1/3 having concerns about their operations in the coming months. А CIBC poll shows, however, that 76 percent of small businesses are optimistic and confident in being able to move to a phase of recovery post-pandemic. The majority of companies or 85 percent report that the uncertainty of until when measures are going to last is the major challenge they are facing.

2020 and Going Forward

In 2020, more than half of Canadian business owners (54 percent) said that they faced a decline in sales, with 28 percent of companies being forced to temporarily close. Many were to make changes to their operational processes, including cutting business costs (34 percent), applying for business loans (15 percent), resorting to layoffs (25 percent), and using savings (29 percent). Nearly 1/3 of business owners share the opinion that it will take between 12 and 24 months to return to pre-pandemic sales volumes. According to CIBC’s Group Head and Vice-president Laura Dottori-Attanasio, businesses are optimistic about long-term growth and at the same time, they are concerned about their capacity to overcome short-term challenges to full recovery. Reaching out to financial advisors to help them restructure their operational plants and finances will help companies to stay afloat during the ongoing pandemic and to plan for what is to come.

One of the major issues that small businesses face is the shortage of business flows, along with low demand for their services and products. About 1/5 of owners share that they experience financial difficulties and may be unable to pay workers. More than half of companies are also facing debt to pay off while 44 percent of SMEs need additional funding to continue operations and 39 percent will resort to professional advice.

The good news is that over 40 percent of businesses see the crisis as an opportunity for growth and expansion. At the same time, the majority or 74 percent share that they are yet to shift to digital and are facing challenges to this end. The main themes for companies to pay attention to are short-term forecasting, resource optimization, and sources, be it the Canada Emergency Business Account, credit line, inventory, market or locked-in investments, accounts receivable, etc.

Women in the Workforce and Female Entrepreneurs

When it comes to female employees, some 41 percent have been working from home while the rest are essential workers on the front-line in sectors like service, retail, and health. Women have been more severely impacted by the pandemic, both in terms of employment and business opportunities. At the same time, more women are working on the front-line than men meaning that working from home is not an option for them.

Because of nationwide school closures, many women have been left juggling between job and home responsibilities. This has resulted in a widening pay gap and more women taking low-paid jobs.

Female entrepreneurs also report financial difficulties, with 61 percent facing loss of customers and contracts. In Quebec, for example, close to 50 percent of women entrepreneurs admit to having difficulties in accessing financing. In addition, more women-led businesses operate in sectors that have been hard hit by the pandemic, including service, hospitality, and retail.

Other groups have also been more affected by the pandemic, including racialized people, Indigenous Canadians, immigrants, and persons with disabilities. Many report difficulties in accessing financing to stay afloat, despite the serious impact of the crisis on their business.

Government Programs and Funding

Back in October 2020, the Canadian government implemented a series of measures, from rent assistance and increased cash flow to helping businesses keep employees. Some economic sectors are well on the path to recovery while others have been hard hit and in need of support because of the ongoing pandemic. This is why Finance and Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland announced plans to implement measures to help businesses facing declining revenue. One such measure is the Canada Emergency Rent Subsidy through which companies can get mortgage and rent assistance. Entities that are eligible to apply include non-government organizations, charities, and businesses experiencing financial hardship. Other measures to support Canadian businesses are the expanded Canada Emergency Business Account and Canada Emergency Business Subsidy, the latter aiming to help organizations to rehire and pay employees. The former is a measure under which businesses that have been affected can apply for interest-free financing of up to $20,000. QST and GST/HST remittances were also subject to deferral until June, 2020 for amounts remitted between February and April. Finally, medium-sized and small companies can apply for funding under the Business Credit Availability Program run by the Business Development Bank of Canada and Expert Development Canada. The latter also guarantees cash flow and operating credit loans available through banking institutions. Small enterprises, tour operators, and regional businesses that operate in rural areas and fail to qualify under different programs are also offered financial assistance.

Best Secured Credit Cards in Canada

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Credit cards are useful in that they help build good credit, book hotel accommodation, rent cars, and purchase goods and services online. Interest rates have been low since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic but some people with bad or tarnished credit may not qualify for regular cards. This is where secured cards come handy in allowing users to build good credit and shop in-store or buy products online.

Best Secured Credit Cards for Canadians

Major banks no longer offer secured credit cards which means that choices are more limited for Canadians. Still there are some good offers to look into if you have no or blemished credit like the cards that Home Trust and Refresh Financial feature.

Refresh Secured Card

Refresh Financial offers a secured card that helps users to get a credit boost by making timely monthly payments. There is even a feature that allows you to get an idea how your repayment and spending patterns affect your credit rating. You can use their handy online calculator to check your utilization rate. For example, if the balance is $100 and the limit $600, then you have an optimal credit utilization rate (17 percent). There are other benefits for users, one being that payments are reported to both bureaus. Another is that the higher your credit score is, the lower your interest rate.

  • Interest rate: 17.99 percent
  • Maintenance fee: $3/month
  • Annual fee: $12.95
  • Credit limit: $200 – $10,000

Home Trust Secured No-Fee Visa

Also a good choice to fix your score fast, the Home Trust Secured No-Fee Visa has been voted 2020’s Best Credit Card for Rebuilding Credit. You will not only benefit from a zero annual fee but you only pay interest on your outstanding balance. The card allows you to make purchases and pay online up to your deposit limit. Home Trust also allows you to choose a deposit limit that works for you, and it can be as low as $500 and as high as $10,000.

  • Purchase interest rate: 19.99 percent
  • Annual fee: none

Home Trust Secured Visa

This is a low interest option to rebuild credit as long as you keep your account active and make timely payments. There are many benefits for holders such as the option to set your limit, set accounts online, pay utility bills, and make purchases online. The card also comes with purchase security coverage so that all eligible purchases are insured against damage or theft for 90 days. You can use the card to make payments in more than 200 territories and countries and with merchants that accept Visa cards.

  • Interest rate on purchases: 14.90 percent
  • Fee: $5 per month or $59 annual fee

What Is a Secured Credit Card?

Secured cards work much like standard ones in that they allow holders to build a positive credit history and make purchases, whether they buy groceries, book flights or cruises, or repay other outstanding balances. The most common varieties are American Express, MasterCard, and Visa. Whatever the brand of choice, users have to make a deposit which is used as a safeguard by the issuer as to cover any outstanding balances in case of missed or late payments.

Are Secured Credit Cards for You?

If you have bad credit and can’t qualify for a standard unsecured card, this is a good option to rebuild credit by making small purchases and paying the balance in full and on time. Using the card responsibly also means that you won’t incur interest payments. Interest rates are higher on average, and paying more than the minimum will save you a lot of money.

Benefits of Secured Credit Cards

The main benefit of secured cards is that they offer the chance to rebuild credit and apply for a wide variety of products with preferential terms and affordable rates. Your account history is forwarded to the major bureaus and goes toward your credit report. Not only this but you can use the card to shop online and make secure payments. Some issuers also offer added incentives such as upgrading and rewards points.

Security Deposit, Credit Limits, and Card Fees

When you get approved for a secured card, you will be asked to make a cash deposit which is equal or larger than your credit line. This means that credit limit is based on the deposit made. Some issuers offer the option to increase the credit line after a certain period provided that you use the card responsibly. Secured cards typically come with annual fees but there are some issuers that advertise zero fees.

Alternatives to Secured Credit Cards

If you can’t get a secured card, one option is to apply for a prepaid card that you can use to pay for services and goods. It is not linked to a credit, checking, or savings account and allows you to keep cash for later use. A major drawback is the fact that your payment history will not be reported to the credit bureaus. Still, they offer some benefits such as ease of use and safe and secure payments. Prepaid cards are easy to reload, and there are different ways to do this – in person, online, by direct deposit, or via bank account transfer.

Getting an unsecured card for bad credit is also an option, albeit the choice is more limited. Some issuers offer unsecured cards to Canadians with fair and good credit, regardless of their annual income. Added benefits for customers are low annual fees and interest rates, no fees for supplementary cardholders, and zero fraud liability.

A third option to look into is payday loans, and there are some benefits to consider such as fast and easy application, borrowed amount based on income level, and no credit check guaranteed approval. Still, getting a payday loan can be risky because of the very high interest rates and short terms that finance providers offer.

Other alternatives that financial institutions offer include guarantor and short-term loans, secured loans, overdrafts, and debit cards. The choice of product depends on your credit score, income, occupation, and financial circumstances.

In general, getting a secured card is a good choice for customers with little or no credit exposure, including young people and newcomers to Canada. It is also an option for borrowers with blemished credit who are refused a loan or credit card because they have past delinquencies, recent missed or late payments, or for any other reason. Borrowers with low or no income and high balances on cards and loans are also likely to get their application denied. A secured credit card is a good alternative for borrowers with a tarnished credit history who need a fresh start and a card to make daily purchases. We all know what having poor credit means – higher home and auto insurance premiums, difficulty securing a home lease, higher loan rates, and even strained personal relationships. A secured credit card offers users the chance to master good money management skills by borrowing responsibly.